International Declarations, Treaties, and Conventions
- Article 18, Universal Declaration of Human RightsAdopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948:
"Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance." - Article 18, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)Adopted on Dec. 16, 1966. Expands upon Art. 18 of the UDHR.
- Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or BeliefAdopted by the United Nations General Assembly on November 25, 1981.
- Article 12, American Convention on Human RightsAdopted by the Organization of American States on Nov. 22, 1969. "Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience and religion."
- Article 9, European Convention on Human RightsAdopted by the Council of Europe on Nov. 4, 1950. "Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion..."
- Dignitatis Humanae (Declaration on Religious Freedom)Promulgated by his Holiness Pope Paul VI on Dec. 7, 1965.
Statutes
- Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993 (Session Law Version)Text provided by Congress.gov.
- Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993 (Codified Version)Text provided by the Legal Information Institute (LII).
- Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) of 2000 (Session Law Version)Text provided by Congress.gov.
- Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) of 2000 (Codified Version)Text provided by the Legal Information Institute (LII).
For assistance, please contact the research librarians at the Kresge Law Library by email: AskUs@nd.edu.
Interior photo of Eldridge Street Synagogue, New York, New York, USA. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_Street_Synagogue.